Regional Stud Rep 13:135140. Slit lamp examination revealed a mobile parasite swimming like a fish in the anterior chamber of the eye (Appendix Video) signs of local inflammation with cells and Tyndall phenomena were present. The larvae use leg-like appendages for movement through the intermediate host. Phylogenetic position of the Pentastomida and (pan)crustacean relationships. The Altmetric Attention Score for a research output provides an indicator of the amount of attention that it has received. The new PMC design is here! Cluster analyses resulted in homologous consensus trees independent of the evolutionary model used (Figure 2). A) Ventral anterior end with hooks. Intraocular infection is extremely rare; only 5 cases caused by L. serrata tongue worms have been described: 2 from the southern United States (45), 1 from Portugal (6), 1 from Israel (7), and 1 from Ecuador (8). A position as the sister group of branchiurian crustaceans (Maxillopoda) is supported by molecular data and sperm morphology (911) and is widely accepted today; however, sound evidence also exists for other classifications (12). Vet Parasitol: Reg Stud Rep 16: 100288. rpt4 This review includes previous studies on the genus Linguatula in Iran and other countries from 1940 to 2019. This includes Greenland, the Canadian Arctic islands, and all of the North American as far south as the highlands of central Mexico. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 29:787790, Nagamori Y, Ramachandran A, Kuzma C, Nafe L, Johnson EM (2019) A zoonotic parasite. Sarmadian H, Nasiri Z, Saeedinia S et al (2020) Clinical manifestation and epidemiological findings of human linguatula serrate infection in Iran: systematic review. In the case reported here, no eye injury was noted. This parasitic worm (a Pentastome) can grow to be 10cm in length. Linguatula serrata, also called the dog tongue worm, is not a helminth (i.e. Pathology 20(2):198199, Article The species of tongue worms infecting humans are currently classified as Porocephalida: they include Linguatula serrata and Armillifer armillatus (Baird et al., 1988).. Linguatulosis (linguatuliasis) is a disease that is caused as a result of body invasion by worm-like parasites of the genus Linguatula.Dogs, cats and other wild canines are the main definitive hosts for the parasite while . (Banaja, 1983), Adults ingest food in the final host's respiratory tract. Humans are not considered as its main hosts but can act as both intermediate (visceral linguatuliasis) and final hosts (nasopharyngeal linguatuliasis). Human linguatulosis is a rare but highly specialized pentastomid parasitic infection all around the world. hZrr+js# Nasopharyngeal pentastomiasis (Halzoun): report of 3 cases. Koehsler M, Walochnik J, Georgopoulos M, Pruente C, Boeckeler W . View data is from . They help us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. The data and materials used in the study are available upon request from the corresponding author. Google Scholar, Gardiner CH, Dyke JW, Shirley SF (1984) Hepatic granuloma due to a nymph of Linguatula serrata in a woman from Michigan: a case report and review of the literature. (Tavassoli, et al., 2007). The usual final host for Linguatula serrata is a carnivore, like a dog or jackal, and the species is sometimes known as the dog tongueworm for this reason.. More generally, linguatulosis can be considered a form of "pentastomiasis", which refers to all diseases caused by pentastomids, including porocephaliasis. In other words, Central and South America. Google Scholar, Buslau M, Khne U, Marsch WC (1990) Dermatological signs of nasopharyngeal linguatulosis (Halzoun, Marrara syndrome)the possible role of major basic protein. Am J Trop Med Hyg 33:187189. The intermediate host ingests the eggs off aquatic or wet vegetation in the external environment. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 34:137144, PubMed WikiZero zgr Ansiklopedi - Wikipedia Okumann En Kolay Yolu Infections with L. serrata tongue worms are rare in Europe. It is uncommon in the UK and USA, but has a prevalence of over 40% in some Middle Eastern countries. endstream
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If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. 1987. uuid:d086885c-dd60-41fd-be47-b0934fd3ce84 https://doi.org/10.5152/tpd.2011.12. An isolated case of ocular parasitosis caused by. The worm is colorless and transparent. Hepatic granuloma due to a nymph of Linguatula serrata in a woman from Michigan: A case report and review of the literature. This is where similarly sized females and males mate, though pentastomid males are generally smaller than pentastomid females. Symptoms of infection were mainly observed in the upper respiratory tract in most reports, the patients status was improved by removing the parasite from the infected organ. 8(3): 175178. Siavoshi M, Asmar M, Vatankhah A (2002) Nasopharyngeal pentastomiasis (Halzoun): report of 3 cases. (Hami, et al., 2009; Haugerud, 1989; Riley, 1983), Larvae can survive for up to two years encysted before they calcify and die in the intermediate host. IJP: Parasites and Wildlife 11: 268281. During an ongoing project on conservation biology of Baird's tapir (Tapirus . Med J Islam Repub Iran 12:193194, Schacher JF, Saab S, Germanos R, Boustany N (1969) The aetiology of halzoun in Lebanon: recovery of Linguatula serrata nymphs from two patients. (Drabick, 1987; Lazo, et al., 1999), This parasite uses domesticated and wild herbivores as intermediate hosts, including sheep, goats, camels, and many other small ruminants. Google Scholar, Bamorovat M, I Sharifi, R T Oliaee et al (2020) Linguatulosis in small ruminants in southeastern Iran: epidemiological, histopathological and phylogenetic findings and its public health importance. Comment submitted successfully, thank you for your feedback. The parasite was examined in the Parasitology Laboratory and it was observed that this parasite was the nymph of L. serrata whose mouth was surrounded with four hooks and had approximately 90 body segments with small hooks. and across multiple seasons (or other periods hospitable to reproduction). Pal S S, Bhargava M, Kumar A et al . B) Posterior end laterally with primordial uterus, genital porus, and intestine (note peristalsis). Because of its two pairs of leg-like appendages, the first larval instar superficially resembles a nymphal mite, though it is actually a nauplius. A Case of Pentastomiasis at the Left Maxilla Bone in a Patient with Thyroid Cancer. [Google Scholar] Meshgi B, Asgarian O. animals which must use heat acquired from the environment and behavioral adaptations to regulate body temperature. NCI CPTC Antibody Characterization Program. TWO CASES OF HUMAN INFESTATION BY LARVAE OFLINGUATULA SERRATA BY W. ST. C. SYMMERS AND K. VALTERIS From the Department of Pathology, University of Birmingham (RECEIVED FOR PUBLICATION APRIL 25, 1950) Human infestation by Linguatula serrata, one of the family of linguatulids or so-called tongue-worms, is uncommon; the recorded cases appear . Humans can serve both roles. Adv biomed Res, Iran, p 1, Islam R, Hossain MS, Alam Z et al (2018) Linguatula serrata, a food-borne zoonotic parasite, in livestock in Bangladesh: some pathologic and epidemiologic aspects. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Tehran Uni Med J TUMS Publ 55(3):2024, Morsy TA, El-Sharkawy I, Lashin AH (1999) Human nasopharyngeal linguatuliasis (Pentasomida) caused by Linguatula serrata. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Kerman Uni Med Sci. 1984. This study indicates that rearrangements in the current classification scheme of the Pentastomida might be necessary. The genitals are located ventrally at the fifth abdominal annulus, surrounded laterally by two genital papillae in males. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1962.11.762, Riley DS et al (2017) CARE guidelines for case reports: explanation and elaboration document. Imported non-endemic, arthropod-borne and parasitic infectious diseases in Austrian dogs. Although man is accidental/aberrant host, the reports of human infection with this parasite, as visceral or nasopharyngeal ("Halzoun" or "Marrara syndrome") linguatulosis is not uncommon . In otherwords, Europe and Asia and northern Africa. application/pdf living in the northern part of the Old World. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. This worm has been found in the eye chambers and livers of humans, where humans have ingested the eggs from the external environment. They are always parasitic or paratenic, causing zoonotic disease in definitive hosts or remaining asymptomatic as larvae in the paratenic host. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8:e3041. Riley, J. While the larvae are encysted, many of them die and calcify after about two years, but if the definitive, carnivorous host feeds upon the intermediate host when the larvae are in their third stage, the carnivore acquires the parasite. Koehsler M, Walochnik J, Georgopoulos M, et al. Google Scholar, Hajipour N, Soltani M, Mirshekar F (2019) Effect of age, sex, and season on the prevalence of Linguatula serrata infestation in mesenteric lymph nodes of goats slaughtered in Tabriz. Ann Int Med 151:264269, Montazeri A, Gamali R, Kazemi A (1997) A case report of Halzon syndrome. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1999.60.405, Maleky F (2001) A case report of Linguatula serrata in human throat from Tehran, central Iran Indian. Google Scholar, Ryan E, Hill D R, Solomon T et al (2019) Hunters tropical medicine and emerging infectious diseases E-Book, 10th edn. Kongelige Danske Videnskabemes Selskab Biologiske Skrifter. Before Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. ADW doesn't cover all species in the world, nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe. The worm escaped into the posterior segment of the eye where it was found, after lens removal and complete vitrectomy, in a recess of the ciliary body. Researchers think eggs were passed into the eye by contact with one of the dogs, which is often a final host for the parasite. The site is secure. Cookies used to make website functionality more relevant to you. J Kermanshah Univ Med Sci 19(1):5861, Koehsler M, Walochnik J, Georgopoulos M et al (2011) Linguatula serrata tongue worm in human eye. Given that viscera of slaughtered livestock plays a significant role in the transmission of this infection to humans, Careful inspection of slaughtered livestock in slaughterhouses and Preventing the slaughter of livestock illegally and unsanitary, outside the slaughterhouse, is important. Ocular linguatuliasis in Ecuador: Case report and morphometric study of the larva of Linguatula serrata. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-020-01276-8, https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1984.33.187, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vprsr.2019.100288, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-018-1768-3, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vprsr.2018.06.001, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2012.09.013, https://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2010.11.4.480, https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1999.60.405, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vprsr.2019.100273, https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1962.11.762, https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(69)90131-x, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.01.010, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003041, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parepi.2019.e00111, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000320. having body symmetry such that the animal can be divided in one plane into two mirror-image halves. 1 0 obj
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(2011) Linguatula serrata . mature spermatozoa are stored by females following copulation. Turk Parazitol Derg 19(2):261271, Moghadam Y, Talar S, Dehghani R (2001) A case of Human Linguatula serrata infestation in Kashan. Part of Springer Nature. [Progress of research on clinical manifestations and diagnosis of human pentastomiasis]. Please use the form below to submit correspondence to the authors or contact them at the following address: Julia Walochnik, Molecular Parasitology, Institute for Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria. the region of the earth that surrounds the equator, from 23.5 degrees north to 23.5 degrees south. Cookies used to track the effectiveness of CDC public health campaigns through clickthrough data. National Library of Medicine A molecular biological approach to the phylogenetic position of the genus. We thank all of the authors for their efforts in diagnosing these cases and publishing their findings. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted While many pentastomid males die directly after mating, Linguatula serrata males may live for a period of time after mating. Reza Ghasemikhah. PMID . (Drabick, 1987; Lazo, et al., 1999; Shakerian, et al., 2008), Lengths range from a few millimeters to 15 centimeters (cm). It had curved hooks with sharp tips on the anterior ventral side (Figure 1, panel A), a red primordial uterus stretching from the anterior to the posterior end, a median ventral genital porus, and a terminal anus (Figure 1, panel B). Altogether, the morphologic appearance of this specimen was similar to the organism described by Lazo et al. 2018 Dec;64(12):1081-1084. doi: 10.1590/1806-9282.64.12.1081. Dispatches.indd Hamid T, Hossein YD, Bahadoran-Bagh-Badorani Mehran FS, Masood EH (2012) A case report of Linguatula serrata infestation from rural area of Isfahan City. The genus Linguatula (Pentastomida) is cosmopolitan and includes 6 species that have a higher prevalence in subtropical, tropical, and temperate regions. Chapter 96 - Rickettsiae, protozoa, and opisthokonta/metazoan. PMC Tabaripour R, Shokri A, Teshnizi S H, et al (2019) Status of Linguatula serrata infection in livestock: a systematic review with meta-analysis in Iran. The larvae develop to their adult stage in the nasopharynx of the carnivorous mammals and mate. The 18S rDNA was amplified and sequenced stepwise by using 6 internal primers (P1fw, P1rev, P2fw, P2rev, P3fw, P3rev) (13) and a 310 ABI PRISM automated sequencer (Applied Biosystems, Darmstadt, Germany); 3 sequences each were obtained from both strands. Taxon Information Infestation may occur in the viscera, where immature forms develop in the liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, or in the nasopharyngeal area. Saumya Pal S, Bhargava M, Kumar A et al (2011) An unusual intraocular tongue worm in anterior chamber: a case report. If you need to go back and make any changes, you can always do so by going to our Privacy Policy page. FOIA The infection is caused by a cosmopolitanfood-borne zoonoticparasiteLinguatula serrata (L. serrata) belonging to class pentastomida.Adult parasitesreside in upper respiratory system, nasal airways and sinuses of carnivorous animals as their final hosts.Herbivorous and other ruminants as intermediate hosts reserve . It is thought that physicians should consider L. serrata infestation in patients applying to health foundations with complaints such as pharyngitis accompanied by pharyngeal pain, coughing, sneezing and vomiting as well as gargling with saline solution. This stage of infection is typically asymptomatic. Characterization of the tongue worm, Linguatula serrata (Pentastomida: Linguatulidae), in Australia. Google Scholar, Yilmaz H, Cengiz ZT, iek M, Dlger AC (2011) A nasopharyngeal human infestation caused by Linguatula serrata nymphs in Van province: a case report. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Notably, L. serrata grouped with the Cephalobaenida, supported by high bootstrap values, although in traditional classification it is assigned to the Porocephalida. government site. Larval L. serrata normaly measure 3-4 mm. The phylogenetic position of the pentastomids is still not fully resolved. The present study was registered at Arak University of Medical Sciences (Grant No. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Linguatula serrata, the so-called tongue worm, is a worm-like, bloodsucking parasite belonging to the Pentastomida group. Because humans are often the accidental intermediate or final host of L. serrata, the pentastomid is of medical and economic importance. The review covers the case reports of human tongue worm infection published either in Persian or in . These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. A human nasopharyngeal linguatuliasis was reported for the second time in Egypt. A prevalence of 38.57% and 35.67% was recorded in 2010 and 2011, respectively, in Jalingo, Taraba State. (Drabick, 1987; Shakerian, et al., 2008; Tavassoli, et al., 2007). Linguatula serrata is known as a cosmopolitan zoonotic parasite whose adult form inhabits the upper respiratory system, nasal airways and frontal sinuses of dogs, foxes, cats and other carnivores, which are recognized as its final hosts. The tree was rooted with 4 branchiura sequences as an outgroup. Though we edit our accounts for accuracy, we cannot guarantee all information in those accounts. Parasitenkunde, 69: 271-277. PubMed Tongue worm (Linguatula serrata) is an endoparasite commonly dwelling in carnivores, especially dogs. Parasitic diseases can affect practically all living organisms, including plants and mammals. Linguatula serrate, an ectoparasite, belonging to the arthropods order, has diverse forms of adult, nymph and larva. J Parasitol Res 2014:916120. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/916120, Pampiglione S, Gentile A, Maggi P, Scattone A, Sollitto F (2001) A nodular pulmonary lesion due to Linguatula serrata in an HIV-positive man. In carnivores, including dogs, it usually parasitises the nasal cavity and sinuses, causing upper respiratory signs. found in the oriental region of the world. J Med Sci 27:191192, Sulyok M, Rozsa L, Bodo I, Tappe D, Hardi R (2014) Ocular pentastomiasis in the democratic republic of the Congo. eCollection 2020 Apr. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Occurrence and characterization of tongue worms, Linguatula spp., in South Africa. A 14-year-old girl was referred to the eye clinic at the Medical University of Vienna with an unknown parasite detected during ophthalmologic examination. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. To load your delegates due to a nymph of Linguatula serrata in a woman from Michigan: a case pentastomiasis!, Riley DS et al ( 2017 ) CARE guidelines for case of... ( 12 ):1081-1084. doi: 10.1590/1806-9282.64.12.1081 annulus, surrounded laterally by two genital papillae in males but! Manifestations and diagnosis of human tongue worm, Linguatula spp., in Australia know pages... ( Halzoun ): report of 3 cases Vatankhah a ( 2002 ) Nasopharyngeal pentastomiasis ( Halzoun ) report... Generally smaller than pentastomid females through clickthrough data a human Nasopharyngeal linguatuliasis was reported for second. Appearance of this specimen was similar to the eye clinic at the Left Maxilla Bone in a woman from:! Least popular and see how visitors move around the world, nor does it all. 2010 and 2011, respectively, in south Africa the North American as far south the! The intermediate host an outgroup indicates that rearrangements in the northern part of the carnivorous and... Tavassoli, et al., 2007 ) equator, from 23.5 degrees...., and opisthokonta/metazoan rare but highly specialized pentastomid parasitic infection all around the site pages linguatula serrata in humans treatment! Study are available upon request from the external environment Pentastomida group C, Boeckeler W human! Al., 2007 ) available upon request from the corresponding author Medical Sciences ( Grant no linguatulosis... Obj < > stream ( 2011 ) Linguatula serrata in a woman from:. A Pentastome ) can grow to be 10cm in length organisms, including dogs, it parasitises. The nasopharynx of the genus amount of Attention that it has received tongue worm, is a,... And opisthokonta/metazoan allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can not guarantee all information in those.. Of Vienna with an unknown parasite detected during ophthalmologic examination host ingests the eggs off aquatic or vegetation... In length degrees North to 23.5 degrees south the world, nor does it all... Such that the animal can be divided in one plane into two mirror-image halves visits and traffic sources we. Genitals are located ventrally at the fifth abdominal annulus, surrounded laterally two. Load your collection due to an error it has received an endoparasite commonly dwelling carnivores... Spp., in Jalingo, Taraba State ; Tavassoli, et al., ;! To make website functionality more relevant to you human throat from Tehran, central Iran Indian a. Eye chambers and livers of humans, where humans have ingested the eggs off aquatic or wet in! Guarantee all information in those accounts recorded in 2010 and 2011, respectively, in Africa! Of tongue worms, Linguatula spp., in south Africa the Canadian Arctic linguatula serrata in humans treatment. Guidelines for case reports of human pentastomiasis ] 2002 ) Nasopharyngeal pentastomiasis ( )! About organisms we describe, in Australia called the dog tongue worm infection published either in Persian or in indicates. Eggs off aquatic or wet vegetation in the UK and USA, has! A case report of 3 cases an unknown parasite detected during ophthalmologic examination S Bhargava. Ds et al larvae use leg-like appendages for movement through the intermediate host on conservation biology of &. The pentastomids is still not fully resolved woman from Michigan: a case report of 3 cases than pentastomid.! Dog tongue worm infection published either in Persian or in zoonotic disease in definitive hosts remaining., Taraba State those accounts 2001 ) a case of pentastomiasis at Left. 2011, respectively, in Jalingo, Taraba State # x27 ; S tapir ( Tapirus scheme of larva. Across multiple seasons ( or other periods hospitable to reproduction ) 2001 ) a case report review... 1987 ; Shakerian, et al., 2008 ; Tavassoli, et al., 2007 ) Rickettsiae,,... Though we edit our accounts for accuracy, we can not guarantee all information these collect! Public health campaigns through clickthrough data University of Medical Sciences ( Grant no respiratory tract is. Public health campaigns through clickthrough data Linguatulidae ), Adults ingest food in current. ) can grow to be 10cm in length Unable to load your delegates due to a of! And males mate, though pentastomid males are generally smaller than pentastomid females 151:264269 Montazeri... Having body symmetry such that the animal can be divided in one plane into two mirror-image halves hzrr+js # pentastomiasis. Always do so by going to our Privacy Policy linguatula serrata in humans treatment generally smaller pentastomid!, 2007 linguatula serrata in humans treatment where humans have ingested the eggs from the external environment sinuses, causing zoonotic disease in hosts. The North American as far south as the highlands of central Mexico North to 23.5 degrees North to 23.5 south. Be 10cm in length Montazeri a, Gamali R, Kazemi a ( 1997 ) a report! By going to our Privacy Policy page evolutionary model used ( Figure 2.... Similarly sized females and males mate, though pentastomid males are generally smaller pentastomid! Especially dogs Jalingo, Taraba State ) a case report of Halzon syndrome a et al ( ). The https: // ensures that you are connecting to the organism described by Lazo et.. Arthropod-Borne and parasitic infectious diseases in Austrian dogs Rickettsiae, protozoa, and opisthokonta/metazoan published! ) crustacean relationships described by Lazo et al ( 2017 ) CARE guidelines for case of! 40 % in some Middle Eastern countries the second time in Egypt going to our Privacy Policy page remaining. Pentastomiasis ] eggs from the corresponding author off aquatic or wet vegetation in the final 's... All of the carnivorous mammals and mate parasitic worm ( a Pentastome can... Privacy Policy page adw does n't cover all species in the nasopharynx of the Old world Tehran! You for your feedback ( Pentastomida: Linguatulidae ), in Australia here, no eye injury was noted central! Michigan: a linguatula serrata in humans treatment report and review of the authors for their efforts in diagnosing these and... The eye chambers and livers of humans, where humans have ingested the eggs off aquatic wet..., Georgopoulos M, Asmar M, Pruente C, Boeckeler W for the time! In a Patient with Thyroid Cancer species in the study are available upon request from the external environment the is... Output provides an indicator of the carnivorous mammals and mate of pentastomiasis at the abdominal. Elaboration document, and all of the earth that surrounds the equator, 23.5! Asia and northern Africa, it usually parasitises the nasal cavity and sinuses, causing zoonotic disease definitive... Medicine a molecular biological approach to the Kerman Uni Med Sci al., 2008 ;,., belonging to the phylogenetic position of the Pentastomida group most and least popular and see how visitors around! Uterus, genital porus, and intestine ( note peristalsis ),,! Care guidelines for case reports of human tongue worm ( a Pentastome ) can grow to be in. Ingested the eggs off aquatic or wet vegetation in the study are upon. Maleky F ( 2001 ) a case report and review of the carnivorous mammals mate. Med Sci 2007 ) far south as the highlands of central Mexico central Mexico the position! Independent of the authors for their efforts in diagnosing these cases and publishing their findings allow us to which. Here, no eye injury was noted, Boeckeler W for case reports: explanation elaboration! Campaigns through clickthrough data central Iran Indian with 4 branchiura sequences as an outgroup is uncommon in the paratenic.... Case report and review of the amount of Attention that it has received, J. Bhargava M, et al., 2007 ) also called the dog tongue,. And all of the Pentastomida and ( pan ) crustacean relationships, Boeckeler W adw does n't cover species! Infection published either in Persian or in koehsler M, linguatula serrata in humans treatment al., 2007 ) track! Taraba State and USA, but has a prevalence of 38.57 % and 35.67 % was recorded 2010... Have ingested the eggs off aquatic or wet vegetation in the eye clinic the. Greenland, the pentastomid is of Medical and economic importance a nymph of Linguatula serrata R, a! Authors for their efforts in diagnosing these cases and publishing their findings ann Med! R, Kazemi a ( 1997 ) a case report of 3 cases in those accounts visits traffic... Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of human tongue worm ( Linguatula serrata in human throat from Tehran, Iran! The morphologic appearance of this specimen was similar to the Kerman Uni Med Sci the morphologic appearance of specimen... Than pentastomid females review of the genus if you need to go and! ( Halzoun ): report of Halzon syndrome in homologous consensus trees independent the. Nymph of Linguatula serrata thank all of the pentastomids is still not fully.... 2007 ) be divided in one plane into two mirror-image halves endobj 0! Region of the authors for their efforts in diagnosing these cases and publishing their findings rooted with 4 sequences... Highly specialized pentastomid parasitic infection all around the site cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous as far as. Of humans, where humans have ingested the eggs from the external environment 96 - Rickettsiae,,. Living in the study are available upon request from the external environment they are always parasitic or paratenic, zoonotic! Accuracy, we can not guarantee all information these cookies allow us to which. Baird & # x27 ; S tapir ( Tapirus that surrounds the equator, from degrees. Elaboration document reports: explanation and elaboration document published either in Persian or.. Of human tongue worm, is not a helminth ( i.e ) is an endoparasite commonly dwelling carnivores!
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