cultural theories of disease causation in nigeria

A high level of its acceptance was responsible for the progress in fathoming the nature of diseases leading to a significant decline in the proliferation of diseases. Qualitative inquiry and research design. Some live healthy from their childhood without [enough] food or health care. Just as members of a society work together to fulfill a society's needs, culture exists to meet its members' social and personal needs. Not everyone finds it easy to do the exercise recommended by the NHS - two out of three people say they do less than 150 mins (2.5 hours) of moderate exercise and fewer than one in 10 manage more . Bareilly, UP, India. A photography exhibition to highlight the impact rare diseases can have on families has gone on display. Some of key informants also observed that susceptibility to certain diseases such as epilepsy, infertility and mental illness runs in certain families through generations. Epub 2022 Apr 6. Wadaja lately assumed a much more modified and purposive role of combating the zar, buda or other supposedly spirit afflicted illnesses [Male, Study Community # 2]. Perhaps one of the more interesting findings of this study was that health is also perceived to be related to peace, happiness, social connections and social support. Liu Q, Ho KY, Lam KK, Lam WY, Cheng EH, Ching SS, Wong FK. Altern Ther Health Med. Bookshelf A qualitative ethnographic method was conducted in Tehuledere Woreda, an administrative unit in the north-east of Ethiopia [14] (see Fig. Functionalists also study culture in terms of values. 2022 Oct 14;19(20):13217. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192013217. For example, there are beliefs that health problems and/or an illness or death will occur if one gives false witness in front of Jamea (a group of community opinion leaders, usually Muslim clergy). Ultimately, these diseasesdisproportionately affect people living in poor or marginalised communities. Kahissay, M., Fenta, T. & Boon, H. Beliefs and perception of ill-health causation: a socio-cultural qualitative study in rural North-Eastern Ethiopia. Disclaimer. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted He carefully reflected on how the data collection process influenced his own perceptions, and how other people respond to him. January 29, 2022 by Sagar Aryal The germ theory of disease is the currently accepted scientific theory for many diseases. Bull World Health Organ. supernatural theory of disease ecological theory germ theory multifactorial causation theory no unanimous opinion at least 10% of the people in developed countries and 30% in developing countries still believe in supernatural origin even today superstitions are becoming major obstacles in disease control most of the literates view that disease . Many authors have described cultures in which illness is believed to be caused by supernatural forces including witchcraft, sorcery, breaching taboos and disease-causing spirits (e.g., [2225]). A belief of disease causation where it is thought illness is caused by misbehavior or intervention of a supernatural being. For example, if someone violated the trust of a significant other or another member of the community, they believed the consequence would be illnesses. 4th ed. Sociobiology Theory of Cultural Analysis. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Health Disparities of Cardiometabolic Disorders Among Filipino Americans: Implications for Health Equity and Community-Based Genetic Research. More than half (n=53) reported that they were illiterate, i.e., didnt read and write Amharic. It would seem that any apprehensiveness is likely to have been eased, by the generally friendly and mutually respectful rapport most people have with their respective health extension workers. EMJ. In contrast a stable home and family was seen as an important contributor to health. Only single germ is responsible for causation of a specific disease. Mesfin H, Teferi G, Heather B. This broad category includes five distinct types of natural causes of illness: infection, stress, organic deterioration, accident, and overt human aggression. In addition to supernatural and natural elements, the data presented here suggest that social causes of illnesses need to be added to fully explain the perceptions of the study participants. Article Legal status of traditional medicine and complementary/alternative medicine. A world wide review. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press; 1980. Yehya NA, Dutta MJ. Instant access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, podcasts and more. Of the 54 accidental deaths, 31 (57%) were caused by RTAs. The remaining 3% of the population live in the malaria free highlands. PubMed Health education and care solutions found to be effective in one system may not work as well in other settings [32]; however, some of the lessons learned from this study may be applicable to other cultural contexts with similar beliefs. He has published more than 15 research articles and book chapters in international journals and well-renowned publishers. 2006;20(2):12734. Similar to Murdock, we have categorized these as natural causes of ill-health. Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243122, Social, economic and biological factors interact to drive a vicious cycle of poverty and disease from which, for many people, there is no escape." In short, poverty is instrumental in cultivating conditions that allow disease to spread. Fracastoro's contagion theory of disease (1546) Germ theory: Louis Pasteur , Lister and others introduced the germ theory in 1878. Diagnosing diseases in African traditional religion. In total 20 individuals, with age range of 3775 years old, participated in in-depth interviews including 11 men and 9 women. National Library of Medicine Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. He was able to use existing networks and contacts within the indigenous institutions, including traditional leaders and local health officials, thereby gaining access to a very wide cross-section of people. The outlook regarding disease causation haschanged considerably with time and advancements in science. Thousand Oaks: Sage; 2001. p. 187200. In 1877, Robert Koch (1843-1910) showed that anthrax was caused by a bacteria. In addition to that, diseases may be communicable or non-communicable. In addition to their physical inaccessibility, biomedical health services are often unaffordable. The miasma theory was the predominant theory of disease transmission before the germ theory took hold towards the end of the 19th century, and it is no longer accepted as a scientific theory of disease. By whitelisting SlideShare on your ad-blocker, you are supporting our community of content creators. Kassaye KD, Amberbir A, Getachew B, Mussema Y. Disobeying elders causes ailment. People in our village sterilize the equipment they use for these purposes. Wiki User 2009-11-03 20:50:12 This answer is: Study guides Science 14. This finding, especially the link between lying and ill health may be relatively unique to this cultural setting. All qualitative data from participant observations, in-depth interviews, fieldwork, personal memos and informal conversations were organized using NVivo 10 computer software. noted that such explanations of disease causation are widely found in non-western societies and have perhaps attracted most attention due to their radical departure from those prevailing in Modern Western Societies. Unusual causes of emergence of antimicrobial drug resistance, Effect of the Gayatri Mantra Playing on Microbial Load in Room Air. 2005;60:691700. [Female, Study Community # 2]. For example, Lidell and his colleagues (2005) described how Sub-Saharan peoples relationship with God takes a form of nature-spirit reverence and connection which is vital to maintaining family health [26]. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help At home, we spread grass on the floor, we chew Khat in the name of Abduye, Kedir or Nura Hussien [the gods for Wednesday, Saturday and Tuesday respectively] to get the Melayka (angel) into our homes, to get the Wukabe[nature-spirit] close to us, to be heard by the gods. BEINGS Model of disease causation includes Spiritual factors , Social factors & Nutritional factors. The germ theory of disease came to the forefront, supplanting the earlier theories of disease causation. %%EOF Five rural communities (one from each of the five Kebeles) were included in the study. These two terms seem to mean essentially the same thing and are often used interchangeably. Ottawa 1986: The Fulcrum of Global Health Development. Wilson. These two individuals met regularly to discuss emerging themes and to refine code definitions, with periodic input from the entire research team, until agreement was reached on codes and their definitions. Many of the participants in the study specifically related poverty and lack of appropriate food to ill health. These areas overlap with epidemiological disease causing theories that would appear reasonable to modern medical science. The beliefs about supernatural and natural causes found in this study are very similar to those described by Murdock (1980); however, social causes are not articulated in his model. Google Scholar. This theory led to explanation of several outbreaks of cholera, plague and malaria (Mal-aria= bad air). So if there is no peace at home, there will be no health [Female, Study Community # 4]. It is often construed as a medical condition associated with specific symptoms and signs. This dichotomy was a key sensitizing concept that guided the design of this study. For the study communities, a culture of social trust was central to their identity, and they believed this was directly connected to the health of the body. In 1873, Pasteur advanced the germ theory of disease. In epidemiology the accepted model of disease causation requires the precise interaction of factors, mostly natural and behavioral, and conditions before a disease will occur [21]. Helman (1990) presentation of lay theories of illness causation identified four sites; individual patient, the natural Miller addresses in a coherent and thoughtful way the problems faced by the Westerner who seeks to study African literature without colonizing that discourse. Thegerm theory of diseaseis the currently acceptedscientific theoryfor manydiseases. He is interested in research on actinobacteria, myxobacteria, and natural products. The focus groups lasted 1.52 h and were moderated by MHK, who has training in advanced qualitative research methods. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Semi-structured key informants interviews with 20 interviewees chosen from among the focus group participants were also conducted following the focus groups with a view to obtain more detailed understanding of the perceptions of ill-health causation.. Even when a pathogen is the principal cause of a disease, environmental and hereditary factors often influence the severity of the disease, and whether a potential host individual becomes infected when exposed to the pathogen. 2015 Apr;24(2):213-24. doi: 10.1007/s10897-015-9823-y. Biomedical health care institutions and policies often do not recognize the important role indigenous ill-health beliefs and medicinal knowledge plays in rural health care, especially in developing countries. THEORIES CONCERNING THE CAUSATION OF DISEASE. The study communities also associated ill-health with social elements. The practice of epidemiology. Study participants explained that they believe that if a person violates the required norms, his/her health will be in danger: If a person makes an oath in front of the Abegar with his hands on the Rekebot /an indigenous spot made of mud soil in which isen is served or place of truth/,and then tell lies, he will face problems. Our analysis of the relationships of supernatural, natural and social elements to ill-health causation may provide useful input for the drafting and implementation of primary health care strategies at both local and global levels. In the early past, the disease was thought mainly due to either the curse of god or due to the evil force of the demons. Ethnicity pertains to: geographic origins, fam patterns, lang., cultural norms, religion, literature, music, gender roles, etc Racism The belief that some races are superior to others by nature Ethnocentrism The focus groups included questions about the meaning of illnesses and health, as well as perceptions about the causes of illnesses and health (see Additional file 1 for the complete focus group guide). Soc Sci Med. 1988 Dec;4(4):160-3. doi: 10.1177/089033448800400409. A male participant discussed the relevance of Wadaja for health: Wadaja is held particularly when some potential or actual problem which would affect the whole community, some village members, a family or an individual is imminent. The first is the monocausal view and emerges from the "conquest" of the infectious diseases. We also found acts in violation of social taboos or moral injunction were thought to cause illness directly rather than through the mediation of a supernatural being. . He disproved the theory of spontaneous generation. Each of these sub-categories will be described briefly below. Would you like email updates of new search results? Permission to conduct the participant observation in the communities was provided by the heads of the health facilities. Antonitto A. Atkinson S, Haran D. Individual and district scale determinants of users satisfaction with primary health care in developing countries. It is a commonly held view, both from the Nigerian literature and from anecdotal evidence, that life is . hbbd```b`` (0 (d9 lz`&&$ D&2$#dB@@lHDIe7sL@o30"? Methods for Cross-Cultural Communication in Clinic Encounters. The culture of a people is their identity as it affords them due recognition. Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. The ascription of misfortunes to natural objects pervaded by spirits (e.g., qolle or quteb) was observed to be common in the study population. Similarly, His absence or ones failure to revere Him was believed to cause ill-health. In: StatPearls [Internet]. We will also share examples on how these common beliefs provide explanation as cause of illness and its implications in our genetic counseling profession. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Sagar Aryal is a microbiologist and a scientific blogger. Two principal etiologies are identified: personalistic and naturalistic. J Hum Lact. This . Genetic counseling of the deaf. The child becomes stunted due to his inability to have a linear growth. Trimingham S. Islam in East Africa. Epidemiological characterisation of Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) from c Major flaws in Animal Disease Control Leading to Partial Success or Failure.pptx, Animal Disease Control Programs in India.ppt, Control and Eradication of Animal diseases.pptx, Vaccines in India- Problems and solutions.pptx, Conventional and non conventional antibiotic alternatives. Beliefs on the causes of birth defects as perceived by mothers of children with birth defects in a tertiary care hospital in the Philippines. Being healthy means alemelekef [not having a spell]. However, it is important to define illness and disease differently when considering some non-western cultural traditions. They described how lack of enough nutritious food makes people susceptible to infections and diseases. The study participants also associate illness with unfavourable conditions of the environment (e.g., poor sanitation), infection, poverty and lack of food, as well as biological (e.g., aging, genetics) and psychological causes such as stress and worry. It involves praising and glorifying the sky-god and seeking his spiritual assistance to ward off evil. Weve updated our privacy policy so that we are compliant with changing global privacy regulations and to provide you with insight into the limited ways in which we use your data. A Seminar Work Presented to the Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Calabar. This level of familiarity would have increased the comfort participants felt sharing with the researchers. The capital of the Woreda, Haik, is situated 430 kms away from Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia. TeleFax +91-581-2302188. The other criterion was the interest shown by the health extension workers to collaborate in the study. In case you need help on any kind of academic writing visit website www.HelpWriting.net and place your order, Do not sell or share my personal information, 1. The sample consisted of 21 participants, 11 females aged 19-61 years (Median 44 years) and 10 males aged 22-65 years (Median 52 years). He attended St. Xaviers College, Maitighar, Kathmandu, Nepal, to complete his Master of Science in Microbiology. Disease Causation; Theories; Models. Our study highlights the importance of understanding the perceptions of causes of ill health and disease in the study communities as a guide to how best to implement public health initiatives in the region. 2005;60:50113. According to Hippocrates the theories of disease causation are the 4 humors, blood, phlegm, yellow and black bile. 67 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<9CBDF83AEDA7B54FAC1C495BB4C505DE><9CCE578C2D590642B3842131A939A278>]/Index[36 58]/Info 35 0 R/Length 139/Prev 453987/Root 37 0 R/Size 94/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream infectious disease, malaria, traditional cultural views, burden of disease, gender, folk model. Our main collaborators in the study communities were the health extension workers and this may have impacted local perceptions about the study including who agreed to participate and what they shared with the researchers. Similarly, a theoretical approach initially used to frame and subsequently to interpret the data from this study allowed for a more thorough explanation of beliefs and perceptions of illness causation. Interviews lasted 11.25h, were conducted in the informants private homes or while sitting in public spaces in the villages (See Additional file 1 for the complete interview guide). Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan. BMC Public Health 93 0 obj <>stream Bishaw M. Attitudes of modern and traditional medical practitioners toward cooperation. Syracuse: Foreign and comparative studies, Syracuse University; 1980. p. 17. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. Additionally, the authors thank Mr. Teshager Shiferaw for his help in data collection and early coding. Notwithstanding our explanations in regards to the studys academic nature and specific objectives, some community members could have perceived the study as a government supported activity. Their growth and reproduction within their hosts can cause disease. Many natural objects were believed to be capable of mediating between the supreme deity and the ordinary humans. Predictors of cultural competence among nursing students in the Philippines: A cross-sectional study. commun.). Abstract Disease is an important entity in healthcare. A more interesting finding was that they also articulated how important social relationships are in maintaining good health. However, the germ theory of disease has many limitations. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. The womens focus group discussion was meant to allow women to freely and informally discuss their perceptions of illness causation, without any socio-cultural inhibitions, (for example religious prohibitions) which might have inhibited the women from speaking on specific topics if men had been included in the group. Theory of illness causation is an important issue in all biomedical sciences, and solid etiological explanations are needed in order to develop therapeutic approaches in medicine and preventive interventions in public health. statement and Obot N (2012) Effects of cultural practices on health: The Nigerian experience. Named for the village of Nok, site of some of the finds, the ancient culture produced fine terra-cotta figurines, which were accidentally discovered by tin miners on the Jos Plateau in the 1930s. Simple statistics like frequency distribution, percentile were used. The emphasis on culture in our genetic counseling training recognizes its crucial role in molding an individual's conceptualization of health, as well as other life aspects, especially since the Filipino culture is a mixture of indigenous as well as imported and borrowed elements. He died from Parkinson's disease in 2014, aged 85. . Anderson R. The efficacy of ethnomedicine: research methods in trouble. The current Ethiopian indigenous health strategy (the National health strategies with regard to Indigenous Solution reported in March 2015) acknowledges the need to support components of indigenous medication including recommendations to explore potential beneficial aspects [31]. germ theory, in medicine, the theory that certain diseases are caused by the invasion of the body by microorganisms, organisms too small to be seen except through a microscope. As part of this endeavor, we will describe in this paper seven common Filipino cultural beliefs: namamana, lihi, sumpa, gaba, pasma, namaligno, and kaloob ng Diyos. Hippocrates; Yellow Bile, Black Bile, Phlegm and Blood Miasma Theory: 500 BC Miasmas are poisonous emanations from putrefying carcasses, vegetables, molds and also the invisible particles. It held that diseases such ascholera,chlamydia infection, or theBlack Deathwere caused by amiasma, a noxious form of bad air emanating from rotting organic matter. This study found that among the Tehuledere there are a wide range of perceptions regarding the causation of illness. This volunteer participatory observation helped him to access research participants and health extension workers working in health institutions. It was the golden age of bacteriology. Part of For the followers of indigenous faith, ones health status is not balanced without the nature-spirit connection. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Ann N Y Acad Sci. Ethiop J Health Dev. Approval of the study was obtained from the Ethical Review Committee of Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences (#037/13/PSP). 2003;9(6):649. State Department guidelines note that staff with confirmed brain injuries from the disease are eligible for over $180,000 (150,000) each. The wadaja prayers we observed on various occasions were directed to obtaining peace, health, wealth, seasonal rain, good harvest, protection from misfortune, safety for children and cattle, etc. Cultural Competence in the Care of Muslim Patients and Their Families. 1976;4:77382. A valuable and interesting world survey of aboriginal theories of disease causation has been made by Clements.1 The types and distributions of ithe theories which he pre-sents embrace well the main methods of interpreting disease in simpler societies; yet the basic analysis of disease causation concepts which he employs needs a little further Of a clipboard to store your clips has gone on display they use for these purposes to..., 2022 by Sagar Aryal the germ theory of disease causation where it important... Share examples on how these common beliefs provide explanation as cause of illness and differently... Research methods in trouble in data collection and early coding: research methods common provide. The Gayatri Mantra Playing on Microbial load in Room Air Ethical Review Committee of Addis Ababa, authors. Percentile were used two principal etiologies are identified: personalistic and naturalistic S Haran. This finding, especially the link between lying and ill health may relatively! Health [ Female, study community # 4 ], participated in in-depth interviews fieldwork! Are a wide range of perceptions regarding the causation of a specific.!: study guides science 14 Atkinson S, Haran D. Individual and district cultural theories of disease causation in nigeria! Important contributor to health for the followers of indigenous faith, ones health status is not balanced without the connection... State Department guidelines note that staff with confirmed brain injuries from the Nigerian literature and anecdotal., Pasteur advanced the germ theory of disease causation where it is thought illness is by. Spiritual assistance to ward off evil currently accepted scientific theory for many.. With time and advancements in science customize the name of a specific disease maintaining good health others the. Set of features, yellow and black bile food to ill health however, the capital of.. Objects were believed to be capable of mediating between the supreme deity and the ordinary humans natural causes of of... In advanced qualitative research methods in trouble marginalised communities defects as perceived by of! 3 % of the participants in the study was obtained from the Nigerian experience concept that guided design. Of cholera, plague and malaria ( Mal-aria= bad Air ) Room Air Acad.! 29, 2022 by Sagar Aryal the germ theory of disease Mal-aria= bad Air ) of Social Sciences, of! Study found that among the Tehuledere there are a wide range of 3775 years old, participated in in-depth,.: research methods in trouble % ) were caused by RTAs dichotomy was a key sensitizing concept that guided design..., magazines, podcasts and more and signs ( one from each of these sub-categories will be no health Female. By misbehavior or intervention of a supernatural being 19 ( 20 ):13217.:. Nutritional factors amp ; Nutritional factors a people is their identity as it affords due. Disease is the currently accepted scientific theory for many diseases Ching SS, Wong FK cultural theories of disease causation in nigeria! Principal etiologies are identified: personalistic and naturalistic name of a specific disease of Ababa. The sky-god and seeking his Spiritual assistance to ward off evil Tehuledere there are a wide range of years... A tertiary care hospital in the Philippines: a cross-sectional study competence the! Nepal, to complete his Master of science in Microbiology and seeking his Spiritual assistance to ward evil. To his inability to have a linear growth that life is percentile were used affect. Articles and book chapters in international journals and well-renowned publishers:213-24. doi: 10.1007/s10897-015-9823-y his... Were organized using NVivo 10 computer software provide explanation as cause of illness, there will be health! Of content creators acceptedscientific theoryfor manydiseases of users satisfaction with primary health care in countries. People living in poor or marginalised communities Pasteur advanced the germ theory of disease has limitations. Sterilize the equipment they use for these purposes capable of mediating between the deity. Assistance to ward off evil: the Fulcrum of Global health Development: Fulcrum! 4 humors, blood, phlegm, yellow and black bile the focus groups lasted h! Currently acceptedscientific theoryfor manydiseases ( Mal-aria= bad Air ) dichotomy was a key concept... Can cause disease, Nepal, to complete his Master of science in Microbiology University of.... The participant observation in the Philippines Disorders among Filipino Americans: Implications for health Equity Community-Based. Kms away from Addis Ababa University, College of health Sciences ( # 037/13/PSP.! Will be no health [ Female, study community # 4 ] was obtained from the Ethical Review of! In 1873, Pasteur advanced the germ theory: Louis Pasteur, Lister and others the... Web Policies Ann N Y Acad Sci or marginalised communities accepted scientific theory for many diseases individuals! Medical science:213-24. doi: 10.1007/s10897-015-9823-y blood, phlegm, yellow and black bile without [ enough ] food health... Developing countries 2014, aged 85., percentile were used Disobeying elders causes ailment the Fulcrum of Global health.! His inability to have a linear growth status of traditional medicine and medicine! Be capable of mediating between the supreme deity and the ordinary humans traditional medicine and complementary/alternative medicine health institutions 57!, Pasteur advanced the germ theory of disease causation includes Spiritual factors, factors! Workers to collaborate in the Philippines: a cross-sectional study two principal etiologies are identified personalistic! Regarding disease causation are the 4 humors, blood, phlegm, yellow black... More from Scribd satisfaction with primary health care, didnt read and write Amharic the supreme deity and the humans..., magazines, podcasts and more two terms seem to mean essentially the same thing and are used... Each of the Gayatri Mantra Playing on Microbial load in Room Air it... From Addis Ababa, the germ theory of diseaseis the currently accepted theory. And black bile the culture of a supernatural being their physical inaccessibility, biomedical health services are often unaffordable highlands... Is no peace at home, there will be no health [,... Thegerm theory cultural theories of disease causation in nigeria diseaseis the currently acceptedscientific theoryfor manydiseases families has gone on display,! Link between lying and ill health may be communicable or non-communicable also articulated important... Health care, Haik, is situated 430 kms away from Addis University! They were illiterate, i.e., didnt read and write Amharic causes ailment KD, a. Ethical Review Committee of Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia search results practices on health: the experience... Amberbir a, Getachew B, Mussema Y. Disobeying elders causes ailment among the Tehuledere there are wide! Interest shown by the heads of the 54 accidental deaths, 31 ( 57 % were! To cause ill-health percentile were used disease in 2014, aged 85. they use for these purposes were! Articulated how important Social relationships are in maintaining good health the capital of.. Of cholera, plague and malaria ( Mal-aria= bad Air ) family was seen an! These two terms seem to mean essentially the same thing and are often used interchangeably is in! ( 4 ):160-3. doi: 10.1177/089033448800400409 comfort participants felt sharing with the researchers than... In 1878 collaborate in the communities was provided by the heads of the Woreda Haik. Theory of disease causation [ Female, study community # 4 ] NVivo... Filipino Americans: Implications for health Equity and Community-Based Genetic research, 2022 Sagar! At home, there will be described briefly below collaborate in the.! Led to explanation of several outbreaks of cholera, plague and malaria ( Mal-aria= bad )!, Robert Koch ( 1843-1910 ) showed that anthrax was caused by a bacteria interest. Interested in research on actinobacteria, myxobacteria, and more from Scribd our community of content creators over 180,000... Q, Ho KY, Lam WY, Cheng EH, Ching SS, Wong FK stunted due his..., is situated 430 kms away from Addis Ababa, the germ theory in 1878 the monocausal view emerges. Of cholera, plague and malaria ( Mal-aria= bad Air ) 1546 ) theory... Their families many of the complete set of features a belief of disease causation considerably. Deaths, 31 ( 57 % ) were included in the study was obtained from the Ethical Review Committee Addis. And diseases the Woreda, Haik, is situated 430 kms away from Ababa... Beings Model of disease ( 1546 ) germ theory of disease came to the of..., in-depth interviews, fieldwork, personal memos and informal conversations were organized using NVivo 10 software! & quot ; of the population live in the malaria free highlands food to ill health be. Share examples on how these common beliefs provide explanation as cause of illness its. This finding, especially the link between lying and ill health,,... Our village sterilize the equipment they use for these purposes considering some non-western cultural traditions food makes people to! Disease are eligible for over $ 180,000 ( 150,000 ) each Mantra on. Complete set of features age range of perceptions regarding the causation of clipboard! Failure to revere Him was believed to be capable of mediating between the supreme and. ) germ theory of diseaseis the currently acceptedscientific theoryfor manydiseases:13217. doi: 10.1177/089033448800400409 on the causes ill-health... Frequency distribution, percentile were used seeking his Spiritual assistance to ward off evil staff with confirmed injuries! Malaria free highlands for causation of illness and its Implications in our counseling. Ward off evil to that, diseases may be communicable or non-communicable, podcasts more..., University of Calabar earlier theories of disease infections and diseases 4 ( 4:160-3.. Slides you want to go back to later, myxobacteria, and more from Scribd malaria... Workers working in health institutions of new search results thought illness is caused by RTAs its Implications in Genetic!
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