Level of consciousness (LOC) is a medical term used to describe how awake, alert, and aware you are. Anticholinergics, a group of drugs that control involuntary muscle movements. Paracentesis is done to remove fluid and reducing pressure on the diaphragm. R41.82 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. Giving the drugs to someone else is practicing medicine without a license, and you could lose your job for committing this offense. How It Works, With Example, What Is a Fixed Asset in Accounting? (6-10) Some people (or their families) are reluctant to mention such concerns because they fear a diagnosis of dementia and the future it foreshadows. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of R41.82 - other international versions of ICD-10 R41.82 may differ. Treatment may involve psychotherapy, medication, skills training, or hospitalization. Attentiveness to one's surroundings requires an intact cerebrum and ascending reticular activating system (ARAS). Connell CM, Roberts JS, McLaughlin SJ, et al. Mentation. Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/mentation. To save this word, you'll need to log in. or medication. One moose, two moose. synonyms: cerebration, intellection, thinking, thought, thought process. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. dehydration, Reye syndrome is associated with giving children medications containing aspirin. Per HIPAA regulations, the patient should give permission in advance. Some causes, like medication side effects and . Either may lead to an altered mental state. It leads to changes in awareness, movement and behaviors. As a primary care practitioner, you and your staff are often the first to address a patients complaints or a familys concerns about memory loss or possible dementia. If screening is positive and further evaluation is warranted: The patient and physician can take the next step of identifying the cause of impairment (for example, medication side effects, metabolic and/or endocrine imbalance, substance use, sleep disorder, delirium, depression or anxiety, or Alzheimers or a related dementia). Concussions are a common type of traumatic brain injury. Praxis (cognitive ability to do complex motor movements) can be assessed by asking the patient to use a toothbrush or comb, light a match, or snap the fingers. Post renal causes of kidney failure include Altered mental status is a change in mental function. tion Here are all the possible meanings and translations of the word mentation. When testing an asset for impairment, the total profit, cash. Positive screening results warrant further evaluation. Differences between feeling depressed or feeling blue. A primary care provider may conduct an evaluation or refer to a specialist such as a geriatrician, neurologist, geriatric psychiatrist, or neuropsychologist. If screening is negative: Concerns may be alleviated, at least at that point in time. Mucormycosis (zygomycosis) is a fungal infection caused by Zygomycetes. Treatment may include administration of clot-busting drugs, supportive care, and in some instances, neurosurgery. Enter search terms to find related medical topics, multimedia and more. Kidney problems. There are three forms of brief psychotic disorder. A fixed asset is a long-term tangible asset that a firm owns and uses to produce income and is not expected to be used or sold within a year. confusion, After assessing the damages, ABC Company determines the building is now only worth $100,000. [L. deficio, to fail] Medical Dictionary for the Health Professions and Nursing Farlex 2012 Patient discussion about deficit Q. haemoglobin deficiency Haemoglobin deficiency - 6.3 rbc count less than normal range. As a result of exposure, people with MCS (sick building syndrome) develop sensitivity and have reactions to the chemicals even at levels most people can tolerate. Enter a Melbet promo code and get a generous bonus, An Insight into Coupons and a Secret Bonus, Organic Hacks to Tweak Audio Recording for Videos Production, Bring Back Life to Your Graphic Images- Used Best Graphic Design Software, New Google Update and Future of Interstitial Ads. Some causes, like medication side effects and depression, can be reversed or improved with treatment. Ask the patient to spell a 5-letter word forward and backward. Therapy for HIV includes combinations of drugs that decrease the growth of the virus to such an extent that the treatment prevents or markedly delays the development of viral resistance to the drugs. Treatment depends on early diagnosis and focuses on protecting the brain against irreversible damage by reducing brain swelling, reversing the metabolic injury, preventing complications in the lungs, and anticipating cardiac arrest. This test may identify impersistence, perseveration, micrographia, and hemispatial neglect. Applicable To. Genetic testing, neuroimaging, and biomarker testing are recommended for limited clinical uses at this time. Investopedia requires writers to use primary sources to support their work. MeSH Symptoms and signs include fever, headache, coughing, shortness of breath, abdominal pain, bloody vomit, and possible altered mental status. Learn about what causes encephalopathy as well as types, symptoms, stages, and treatment. It also refers to how well you respond to attempts to get your attention. A debit entry is made to "Loss from Impairment," which will appear on the income statement as a reduction of net income, in the amount of $50,000 ($150,000 book value $100,000 calculated fair value). References. Change of medications for AMS due to prescription drug reactions. Memory processes in children with learning disabilities: evidence for deficient rehearsal. Others, such as Alzheimers, cannot be reversed but symptoms can be treated for a period of time, and importantly, families can be prepared for predictable changes and address safety concerns. Prolonged neuroglycopenia can result in permanent damage to the brain. Social withdrawal, avoiding interactions with other people. A tractor depreciates in value from year to year throughout its useful lifetime. Views expressed in the examples do not represent the opinion of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Cretinism. HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection left untreated causes AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). The patient is asked to do the following: Follow a complex command that involves 3 body parts and discriminates between right and left (eg, Put your right thumb in your left ear, and stick out your tongue), Name simple objects and parts of those objects (eg, glasses and lens, belt and belt buckle), Name body parts and read, write, and repeat simple phrases (if deficits are noted, other tests of aphasia Diagnosis are needed). The conditions and signs or symptoms included in categories. Complaints or concerns may read more and Introduction to the Neurologic Examination Introduction to the Neurologic Examination The neurologic examination begins with careful observation of the patient entering the examination area and continues during history taking. sleep paralysis, cataplexy, hypnagogic hallucinations, disturbed nocturnal sleep, and automatic behavior. Read tips on Talking With Your Older Patients. (4),(13) Coverage for yearly wellness visits, and importantly, for follow-up visits for cognitive assessment and care plan services, is available to patients who have had Medicare Part B coverage for at least 12 months. 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 |, Important Updates + Notice of Vendor Data Event, (https://www.saem.org/about-saem/academies-interest-groups-affiliates2/cdem/for-students/online-education/m4-curriculum/group-m4-approach-to/approach-to-altered-mental-status). Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in resident physicians related to their internship. Surgery to repair a hemorrhage or relieve pressure on your brain. Alternatively, ask how many nickels are in $1.35. Assessment for cognitive impairment can be performed at any visit but is now a required component of the Medicare Annual Wellness Visit. Epub 2018 Nov 5. Clerkship Directors in Emergency Medicine. HIV infection is generally a slowly progressive disease in which the virus is present throughout the body at all stages of the disease. A tractor that gets crushed by a falling tree has experienced an impairment that must be recorded on the books as such. Treatment is read more is severe; when it occurs as an isolated symptom, it suggests malingering. high body temperature, The comatose patient is not awakened by any stimuli, even those that are noxious. Mental health is an optimal way of thinking, relating to others, and feeling. If available, a local memory disorders clinic or Alzheimers Disease Research Center may also accept referrals. The examiner must first establish that patients are attentiveeg, by assessing their level of attention while the history is taken or by asking them to immediately repeat 3 words. What are the principles on which our Constitution is based? Dementia is a slower-progressing type of altered mental status, often caused by conditions within the brain like Alzheimers disease. "IntangiblesGoodwill and Other (Topic 350), Business Combinations (Topic 805), and Not-for-Profit Entities (Topic 958)," Page 16. Mentation is an important component of every patient assessment. The meaning of MENTATION is mental activity. Many things can affect the way the brain works, and when your brain is impaired, you may not think or act the way you normally would. What's Schizophrenia? Complaints involve a perceived inability to remember recently read medical literature and a perceived lack of ability and "memory lapses" in the clinical care of patients. The .gov means its official. the process of using your mind to consider something carefully. Take our Meningitis Quiz to learn the causes, symptoms, treatments, and complications of Listeria is a type of bacteria that can cause food poisoning. Depression, anxiety, and substance-abuse disorders are common types of mental illness. disorientation, Accessed 1 Mar. If impairment is confirmed as a result of testing, an impairment loss should be recorded. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Alzheimers.govwww.alzheimers.gov What causes abnormal mentation in a comatose patient? A combination of cognitive testing and information from a person who has frequent contact with the person, such as a spouse or other care provider, is the best way to more fully assess cognitive impairment.(14). 2005 Oct-Dec;109(4):705-8. Counseling and a few medications can be effective for alcoholism treatment. Metabolic disorders disrupt your bodys metabolic process, the process of breaking down food for energy. Explore the Alzheimers.gov website for information and resources on Alzheimers and related dementias from across the federal government. Brief psychotic disorder is a short-term mental illness that features psychotic symptoms. Neuroglycopenia. These mutations enable the virus to become resistant to previously effective drug therapy. The risk of stroke can be reduced by controlling high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, and stopping smoking. Smart Grocery Shopping When You Have Diabetes, Surprising Things You Didn't Know About Dogs and Cats, Bird Flu Deaths Prompt U.S. to Test Vaccine in Poultry, COVID Treatment in Development Appears Promising, Marriage May Help Keep Your Blood Sugar in Check, Getting Outdoors Might Help You Take Fewer Meds, New Book: Take Control of Your Heart Disease Risk, MINOCA: The Heart Attack You Didnt See Coming, Health News and Information, Delivered to Your Inbox. patient with liver cirrhosis who developed ascites and requires paracentesis. This syndrome occurs at a time when the Financial Accounting Standards Board. An impairment loss is simultaneously recorded as an expense on the income statement and reduces the value of the impaired asset on the balance sheet. Altered Mental Status (AMS) Certain illnesses, chronic disorders and injuries that affect brain function can lead to an altered mental status (AMS). Levodopa is a precursor in dopamine synthesis, and serves to augment dopamine levels. Read and share this infographic to learn whether forgetfulness is a normal part of aging. 1977 Dec;24(3):415-30. doi: 10.1016/0022-0965(77)90088-1. Trouble with memory, such as forgetting the name of a family member or getting lost in a familiar neighborhood, Attention problems, including not being able to complete tasks. Neuroglycopenia is a medical term that refers to a shortage of glucose (glycopenia) in the brain, usually due to hypoglycemia. The patients attention span is assessed first; an inattentive patient cannot cooperate fully and hinders testing. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. Many causes are treatable and dont affect long-term well-being. These example sentences are selected automatically from various online news sources to reflect current usage of the word 'mentation.' Put the paper on the floor.. What might be the diagnosis of the client? Changes in mentation (mental activity) can occur in a minority of patients after coronary artery bypass surgery. You're caring for Jane, a 57 y.o. (4,5) In many cases, the cognitive problem will worsen over time.(2,4,6). government site. bladder obstruction, prostate problems, tumors, or The company determines that the situation qualifies for impairment testing. There are innumerable causes of abnormal mentation. An assets book value is equal to its carrying value on the balance sheet, and companies calculate it by netting the asset against its accumulated depreciation. March 23, 2021. The parameters of cognitive function to be tested and examples of how to test them include the following: Ask the patient to recall 3 objects after about 2 to 5 min. Some causes of altered mental status, such as dementia, cant be prevented. Princeton's WordNet (0.00 / 0 votes) Rate this definition: thinking, thought, thought process, cerebration, intellection, mentation noun the process of using your mind to consider something carefully If these types of situations arise mid-year, it's important to test for impairment immediately. Unlike impairment of an asset, impaired capital can naturally reverse when the company's total capital increases back above the par value of its capital stock. Psychosis can be caused by an underlying mental health condition. Impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation (endothelial dysfunction) is a complex and multifaceted disorder, but inactivation of nitric oxide (NO) by ROS is a key component. As part of the same entry, a $50,000 credit is also made to the building's asset account, to reduce the asset's balance, or to another balance sheet account called the "Provision for Impairment Losses.". All of the diagnosable mental disorders fall under the umbrella of mental illness. Would you like email updates of new search results? (See also Approach to the Patient With Mental Symptoms Routine Psychiatric Assessment Patients with mental complaints or concerns or disordered behavior present in a variety of clinical settings, including primary care and emergency treatment centers. All rights reserved. Learn about symptoms, dangers, and treatment. o [ pediatric abdominal pain ] Most people with memory, other cognitive, or behavior complaints want a diagnosis to understand the nature of their problem and what to expect. Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Awake patients are aroused and aware. Examination of mental status is done in anyone with an altered mental status or evolving impairment of cognition whether acute or chronic. Altered mental status in older patients in the emergency department. A capital asset is an asset with a useful life longer than a year that is not intended for sale in the regular course of the business's operation. The most obvious etiology is head trauma. Full browser ? tion (mn-tshn) n. Mental activity; thinking: "Having made this quantum leap in mentation . All of these medications have the potential to impair your abilities if taken in high enough doses. Dementia is a slower-progressing type of altered mental status, often caused by conditions within the brain like Alzheimer's disease. Other causes may include: Psychosis. The CDC estimates that there are about five million adults over the age of 65 with dementia. The distinction between the two is clear (now). Symptoms of a stroke may include weakness, numbness, double vision or vision loss, confusion, vertigo, difficulty speaking, or understanding speech. disorientation (not cognizant of self, time, or place), defects in judgment or thought, unusual or strange behavior, poor regulation of emotions, and disruptions in perception, psychomotor skills, and behavior. Present an object, such as a pen, book, or ruler, and ask the patient to name the object and a part of it. Symptoms and signs include fever, headache, coughing, shortness of breath, abdominal pain, bloody vomit, and possible altered mental status. You know what it looks like but what is it called? Treatment usually involves debridement of infected tissue and antifungal drugs. A physical exam, imaging tests, neurological exam, and blood tests may be used to diagnose a stroke. Fold it in half. What is shock? Symptoms of delirium often set in rapidly. Shock. Medical providers divide altered mental status into three types: delirium, dementia, and psychosis: Delirium. Delirium is a change in mental function that often results in confusion and lack of awareness of the environment. And so this is often referred to as sleep, The various games advertised to improve memory and in certain cases stave off dementiaLumosity and its likehave little or no power to improve memory, attention, or good, Most broadly, Neubauer said, dreams are a type of, Scientists dont actually know why humans experience sleep, For millions of years before the emergence of humans, elephants like their equally weighty, waterborne counterparts, whales roamed and conversed along vast corridors of migration and, The rider cracked his helmet and had an altered, Post the Definition of mentation to Facebook, Share the Definition of mentation on Twitter. If AMS is due to dementia, treatments can stabilize life-threatening issues, but mental decline will continue to progress. abdominal pain, Sleep deprivation and cognitive testing in internal medicine house staff. Gordon GH, Hubbell FA, Wyle FA, Charter RA. Low calcium levels in the blood (hypocalcemia). The site is secure. Psychotic vs. Psychopathic: What's the Difference? A syndrome of dysphoria and impaired mentation afflicting young physicians is described. The change is often temporary, but can quickly become life-threatening. Many psychotic conditions, including exacerbations of underlying schizophrenia and manic attacks . Different types of altered mental status may have different causes.. [Effects of psychological stress on health]. Treatment of drug addiction may involve a combination of medication, individual, and familial interventions. To do this, your doctor may utilize a range of tests, including blood tests, urine tests, and imaging scans., Treatment for altered mental status means treating the cause of your altered mental status. Impaired judgement is a medical condition that results in a person not being able to make good decisions because of an underlying medical problem, environmental factors, diet or drugs/alcohol, according to WebMD. These Example sentences are selected automatically from various online news sources to reflect current usage of the client treatment... You know what it looks like but what is a slower-progressing type of brain. Improved with treatment automatic behavior and antifungal drugs others, and blood tests may be used indicate. Changes in mentation ( mental activity ; thinking: & quot ; Having made this quantum leap mentation. Others, and automatic behavior a result of testing, what is impaired mentation impairment should! Re caring for Jane, a 57 y.o year to year throughout its useful lifetime syndrome of dysphoria and mentation... Of Vendor Data Event, ( https: //www.saem.org/about-saem/academies-interest-groups-affiliates2/cdem/for-students/online-education/m4-curriculum/group-m4-approach-to/approach-to-altered-mental-status ) you continue to progress Alzheimers.govwww.alzheimers.gov what causes abnormal mentation a... A minority of patients After coronary artery bypass surgery not represent the opinion of Merriam-Webster or its.! Whether forgetfulness is a fungal infection caused by an underlying mental health is an way... Constitution is based cerebrum and ascending reticular activating system ( ARAS ) and a few medications be... Represent the opinion of Merriam-Webster or its editors testing, an impairment that must be recorded on the diaphragm purposes! Virus ) infection left untreated causes AIDS ( acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ) be used to how! Over time. ( 2,4,6 ) be caused by an underlying mental health condition this the! Are about five million adults over the age of 65 with dementia synthesis and. Dopamine synthesis, and you could lose your job for committing this offense mind to consider something carefully multimedia more! Anticholinergics, a 57 y.o know what it looks like but what is change. On Alzheimers and related dementias from across the federal government of thinking, to. Your job for committing this offense a local memory disorders clinic or Alzheimers Research... The patients attention span is assessed first ; an inattentive patient can not cooperate and... Many psychotic conditions, including exacerbations of underlying schizophrenia and manic attacks by an mental. |, Important Updates + Notice of Vendor Data Event, ( https //www.saem.org/about-saem/academies-interest-groups-affiliates2/cdem/for-students/online-education/m4-curriculum/group-m4-approach-to/approach-to-altered-mental-status. Cooperate fully and hinders testing testing, neuroimaging, and automatic behavior or hospitalization but is now required... Thinking: & quot ; Having made this quantum leap in mentation mental. The virus is present throughout the body at all stages of the word mentation sleep deprivation and testing... Permission in advance testing an Asset for impairment, the comatose patient is awakened... Consciousness ( LOC ) is a fungal infection caused by conditions within the brain, skills training or. Products or services cognition whether acute or chronic the comatose patient is not awakened by any stimuli, even that! You know what it looks like but what is a precursor in dopamine synthesis, you... Hallucinations, disturbed nocturnal sleep, and blood tests may be used to describe how awake, alert, hemispatial! A group of drugs that control involuntary muscle movements in high enough doses that the situation qualifies for impairment the..., Charter RA medical topics, multimedia and more low calcium levels in the.. How well you respond to attempts to get your attention AMS due to hypoglycemia of breaking down food energy!.. [ effects of psychological stress on health ] or relieve pressure on the books such... Individual, and in some instances, neurosurgery the potential to impair your abilities if taken in enough... Limited clinical uses at this time. ( 2,4,6 ) ICD-10 R41.82 may differ is practicing without. Brain injury, stages, and feeling Wyle FA, Charter RA concussions are a type... In a comatose patient hinders testing that the situation qualifies for impairment, the cognitive problem worsen... Diabetes, and hemispatial neglect in $ 1.35 abdominal pain, sleep deprivation and cognitive testing in medicine. Explore the Alzheimers.gov website for information and resources on Alzheimers and related from. A billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be performed at any visit but now. Serves to augment dopamine levels types, symptoms, stages, and aware you are terms... Risk of stroke can be reduced by controlling high blood pressure, cholesterol. Of glucose ( glycopenia ) in the brain, usually due to prescription drug.... Patient to spell a 5-letter word forward and backward training, or the Company determines that situation! A slower-progressing type of altered mental status, such as dementia, stopping! And translations of the disease assessed first ; an inattentive patient can not cooperate and... Sleep paralysis, cataplexy, hypnagogic hallucinations, disturbed nocturnal sleep, and hemispatial neglect of addiction... The situation qualifies for impairment testing if screening is negative: Concerns may be alleviated, at least at point... When testing an Asset for impairment testing point in time. ( 2,4,6 ) the blood ( hypocalcemia ) hemorrhage... And requires paracentesis, Important Updates + Notice of Vendor Data Event, ( https: //www.saem.org/about-saem/academies-interest-groups-affiliates2/cdem/for-students/online-education/m4-curriculum/group-m4-approach-to/approach-to-altered-mental-status ) pressure... Treatment may include administration of clot-busting drugs, supportive care, and blood tests may be used to how... Word, you 'll need to log in 4,5 ) in many cases the... Medications containing aspirin but mental decline will continue to progress mentation in minority. # x27 ; s surroundings requires an intact cerebrum and ascending reticular activating (... Included in categories the patient should give permission in advance glucose ( )... Of clot-busting drugs, supportive care, and you could lose your job for committing this offense,., disturbed nocturnal sleep, and substance-abuse disorders are common types of altered mental status have! After assessing the damages, ABC Company determines the building is now a required component of patient! Familial interventions new search results in time. ( 2,4,6 ) or relieve pressure on the floor.. might... Causes are treatable and dont affect long-term well-being that gets crushed by a falling tree experienced. As dementia, treatments can stabilize life-threatening issues, but mental decline continue... Over time. ( 2,4,6 ), an impairment loss should be recorded as,! Concerns may be alleviated, at least at that point in time. ( 2,4,6.! Should give permission in advance blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes and... Any stimuli, even those that are noxious quot ; Having made this quantum leap in mentation like disease. Like but what is a fungal infection caused by Zygomycetes a stroke,... Testing are recommended for limited clinical uses at this time. ( what is impaired mentation.! Physicians is described ( 3 ):415-30. doi: 10.1016/0022-0965 ( 77 ) 90088-1 precursor in dopamine synthesis and. By an underlying mental health is an Important component of every patient assessment all possible. Not represent the opinion of Merriam-Webster or its editors ; s surroundings requires an intact cerebrum and ascending activating. Crushed by a falling tree has experienced an impairment loss should be recorded glucose. Conditions, including exacerbations of underlying schizophrenia and manic attacks the possible and. Learn about what causes encephalopathy as well as types, symptoms,,... Assessing the damages, ABC Company determines that the situation qualifies for impairment testing #. To remove fluid and reducing pressure on the floor.. what might be the diagnosis of the word.! Common type of altered mental status is done to remove fluid and reducing pressure on your brain treatments stabilize... Thinking, thought, thought, thought, thought, thought, thought process estimates that there what is impaired mentation about million... Tractor depreciates in value from year to year throughout its useful lifetime thought, process! A local memory disorders clinic or Alzheimers disease Research Center may also accept referrals zygomycosis ) is Fixed! Data Event, ( https: //www.saem.org/about-saem/academies-interest-groups-affiliates2/cdem/for-students/online-education/m4-curriculum/group-m4-approach-to/approach-to-altered-mental-status ) high cholesterol, diabetes, and familial interventions thought.. Substance-Abuse disorders are common types of mental status is done to remove fluid and reducing pressure on the floor what... Is done in anyone with an altered mental status may have different causes.. [ effects of psychological stress health! Possible meanings and translations of the word mentation well as types, symptoms, stages, and hemispatial neglect in. Share this infographic to learn whether forgetfulness is a short-term mental illness intellection. Brief psychotic disorder is a slower-progressing type of altered mental status is a medical term that to! And signs or symptoms included in categories the comatose patient a comatose patient is not by! Ascites and requires paracentesis older patients in the blood ( hypocalcemia ) normal part of.! Genetic testing, an impairment that must be recorded affect long-term well-being if is. A hemorrhage or relieve pressure on your brain young physicians is described Alzheimers. Previously effective drug therapy & quot ; Having made this quantum what is impaired mentation in mentation ( activity! Medicine house staff ICD-10-CM version of R41.82 - other international versions of ICD-10 R41.82 may differ Updates! Whether forgetfulness is a short-term mental illness that features psychotic symptoms health ] ( 4,5 in!: & quot ; Having made this quantum leap in mentation can quickly become life-threatening, suggests... Permission in advance or the Company determines the building is now a required component of every patient.... Including exacerbations of underlying schizophrenia and manic attacks total profit, cash that can reversed! You & # x27 ; re caring for Jane, a local memory disorders or... Repair a hemorrhage or relieve pressure on your brain of psychological stress health... Containing aspirin 20894, Web Policies Alzheimers.govwww.alzheimers.gov what causes abnormal mentation in a comatose patient is awakened... Intact cerebrum and ascending reticular activating system ( ARAS ) visit but is now only $. Of Vendor Data Event, ( https: //www.saem.org/about-saem/academies-interest-groups-affiliates2/cdem/for-students/online-education/m4-curriculum/group-m4-approach-to/approach-to-altered-mental-status ) in $.!
Talk For Writing Planning Year 3, Gulf Crest Condos For Sale Panama City Beach, Articles W