For example, the Old English poem Beowulf contains several kennings for the sun, including Gods bright beacon and the light of heaven. In both of these cases, the poet is using a kenning to avoid directly mentioning the sun, instead opting for a more roundabout description. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". computer- I suppose one of the most famous Old Norse poets is Snorri Sturluson so that might be somewhere to start. Four good reasons to indulge in cryptocurrency! But why limit ourselves? 2. And now my spirit twists out of my breast, my spirit out in the waterways, over the whales path it soars widely through all the corners of the world. This Old English poem uses the compound phrase "sky-candle" to refer to the sun. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. What function do the poem's kennings serve? These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Privacy Policy. Anytime we create a two-word construct for a singular noun, were approaching kenning territory. Press ESC to cancel. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. One can see the use of this word in the Scottish dialect verb 'ken', to know something. the sea is his calling write the kenning found in lines 33-38 the coldest seeds (hail) compare the seafarers attitude about fate with beowulfs every man will feel fear what kenning for the sea appears in lines 59-60 the whales home. Kennings are plentiful in Old Norse and Old English poetry and prose. Kenning is a type of figurative language that uses two words to describe a noun, verb, or both. -swan-road = river, In modern times, Kenning can be used as a literary device to create new words or phrases, often for comedic effect. 3. They continued to be a feature of Icelandic poetry (including rmur) for centuries, together with the closely related heiti. Bed of fish, smooth path of ships, island-ring, realm of lobsters, slopes of the sea-king, whale-house, land of the ocean-noise, blood of the earth, frothing beer of the coastline This is just a small clutch of examples from a vast hoard of phrases Viking and Anglo- Saxon poets used to refer to the sea. Used primarily in Anglo-Saxon poetry, the epic poem Beowulf is full of kennings. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Vinden belg sakte (The wind bellows softly), On the unctuosity of our kitchen-cupboard staple. A kenning for school could be learning place or teaching center.. Kenning can be a way to teach children about metaphors and similes. For example, the term whale-road is used for the sea and "shepherd of evil" is used for Grendel. Some additional key details about kennings: Struggling with distance learning? 3 What does Grendel hate the sound of in Beowulf? From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. A kenning is a metaphorical phrase or compound word used to name a person, place or thing indirectly. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Modern Examples of Kennings Essentially, a kenning is a synonym composed of several words that may be used in place of a single word. heartbreak: an intense feeling of sadness caused by loss or disappointment With thousands of articles covering everything from do-it-yourself repairs to tips on parenting, Arew has something for everyone. Sea Swan-road. Used primarily in Anglo-Saxon poetry, the epic poem Beowulf is full of kennings. This list is not intended to be comprehensive. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Image by Amy Taylor Bed of fish, smooth path of ships, island-ring, realm of lobsters, slopes of the sea-king, whale-house, land of the ocean-noise, blood of the earth, frothing beer of the coastline Debbie Potts explores the world of kennings. The root "ken" is still used in Scandinavian (knna) and in German (kennen) whereas its English use is restricted to Scots and the North of England. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. They can also be used in everyday speech to add variety and interest to our language. For example, the term whale-road is used for the sea and "shepherd of evil" is used for Grendel. Mifflintown, PA 17059. While kennings are most common and noticeable in Old English and Norse poetry, there are some modern phrases or idioms that fit the general kenning form. An example of a kenning is? For the most part, Viking and Anglo-Saxon poets created kennings for a very limited number of objects, people and aspects of nature. It is possible to come up with kennings for any number of things relevant to our modern-day experience of the world, so heres a little exercise to get you into the kenning frame of mind: 1. Ive been desperately trying to experiment to find something for the imperative form of these, but cant find something that sounds poetic. Whale-road: This kenning is used to describe the ocean. Kennings are phrases of two words that replace a noun in poetry, often found in Anglo-Saxon and Norse poems. In Old Norse literature, kennings were commonly used in poetry as a way to add depth and complexity to language. Im so pleased you enjoyed this feature Old Norse poetry really is fascinating. Kennings are commonly used in poetry to describe something without saying what it is. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. In this poem, kennings are used to paint a visual image for the reader. A kenning is commonly a simple stock compound such as whale-path or swan road for sea, Gods beacon for sun, or ring-giver for king.. How does that relate to Hrothgar? Peace-weaver. What is kennings give 5 examples? For example, whale-road is a kenning for the sea. winter and kenning, concise compound or figurative phrase replacing a common noun, especially in Old Germanic, Old Norse, and Old English poetry. The noun "whale" is the determinant, because it modifies the noun "road" by describing the type of road: in this case, a road for whales. Kennings are strongly associated with Old Norse-Icelandic and Old English poetry. Some additional key details about kennings: In most cases, kennings consist of two nouns side-by-side combined using hyphens so that they form a single unit known as a compound. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. I want to receive exclusive email updates from YourDictionary. Get a quick-reference PDF with concise definitions of all 136 Lit Terms we cover. The epic poem Beowulf is chock full of kennings. Hrungnir was a giant whose head was smashed by a blow from Mjollnir, See the separate page List of names of Odin for more Odin kennings. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. Bringing warmth and light to middle-earth. A kenning is a figure of speech, a roundabout, two-word phrase used in the place of a one-word noun. A kenning is a figure of speech in which two words are combined in order to form a poetic expression that refers to a person or a thing. Your email address will not be published. feeder of war-gull = feeder of raven = warrior Ravens feed on dead bodies left after a battle. There are many examples in Beowulf. Odin hung on the Tree of Knowledge for nine days in order to gain wisdom. noun a conventional poetic phrase used for or in addition to the usual name of a person or thing, especially in Icelandic and Anglo-Saxon verse, as "a wave traveler" for "a boat." Origin of kenning First recorded in 1880-85; from Old Norse: literally "teaching, doctrine, poetic periphrasis"; see origin at ken, -ing 1 Words nearby kenning And the person name ken presumably that was given to those who knew a lot ? Who wrote the music and lyrics for Kinky Boots? The development of the kenning has its origins in the ancient cultures of the Norse and the Celts. Used primarily in Anglo-Saxon poetry, the epic poem Beowulf is full of kennings. This Old English poem uses the compound phrase sky-candle to refer to the sun. You could also draw on other human relationships: the fork could be the sister of the spoon or the rival of the chopstick and so on. Its penned by an unknown author, although we do know it has its origins in Anglo-Saxon literature. However, this the Skaldskaparmal is not simply a list of kennings for poets but also provides the background and stories from which the kennings come from. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. For example, the term whale-road is used for the sea and shepherd of evil is used for Grendel. Where does the word kenning come from in Beowulf? The running train that cannot be slain. Some examples of kennings in Beowulf are battle-sweat for blood, sleep of the sword for death, whale-road for the ocean, and raven-harvest for corpses. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Then, let your hair down while you dip your latest poem in clever kennings from the past. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Please help? You may find that words from your list of determinants encourage you to use new base words you hadnt thought of before. We also use kennings in our everyday speech and writing, such as "sky-scraper" for a very tall building. Sky-candle: This kenning is used to describe the sun. Kennings are most commonly found in Old Norse and Old English poetry. For example, whale road for an ocean and oar steed for a ship. Police= Law Enforcer Books= Parallel worlds Poptarts= frosted cardboard Rainbows: rain paint How do you create a kenning? Brown noser = a person who does anything to gain approval. Confused about kenning poems? A kenning is a metaphorical compound phrase that replaces a single, concrete noun. sprout-spear Answers for The Growing Atlanta Quick Check . "screaming, flying" name the 3 threats from fate that the seafarer must daily face illness, age, and being killed illustration of dog in snow with kenning meaning and examples, Olha Khorimarko / iStock / Getty Images Plus / via Getty created by YourDictionary. And I will cut corners; as a tail spin cylinder, to order a tall glass of raven's lunch. Used primarily in Anglo-Saxon poetry, the epic poem Beowulf is full of kennings. A kenning is a metaphorical phrase or compound word used to name a person, place or thing indirectly. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The American Heritage Dictionary defines a kenning as "a figurative, usu [ally] compound expression used in place of a name or noun, esp [ecially] in Old English and Old Norse poetry." In a recent article about metaphor and law, I had occasion to list a few favorite kennings. What is an example of kennings in the seafarer? A kenning is a characteristic rhetorical device of Old English poetry (and Old Norse). By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. For example, in The Odyssey, the goddess Athena is frequently referred to as "grey-eyed Athena." with precious moon-pearls By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. For example, "whale-road" is a kenning for the sea. D. The ocean provides a way to, A. Transverse boundary B. Convergent ocean-land Boundary C.Divergent ocean-ocean boundary D.Convergeny ocean-ocean boundary***. Some additional key details about kennings: Kennings are found most commonly in Old English and Norse poetry. By using indirect references and descriptive language, kennings can help turn a simple poem into something much more complex and beautiful. Kenning: A kenning is a literary device consisting of combining two nouns to describe something metaphorically. A path is something you move along from one place to another. In this passage, the compound phrase "battle-sweat" is used as a kenning for blood. Since more words are being used to describe something else, kennings are also considered to be a type of circumlocution. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Or the naming of a good poet. A. Transverse boundary B. Convergent ocean-land Boundary C.Divergent ocean-ocean boundary D.Convergeny ocean-ocean boundary*** "Burst from the barrow/Blazing" is an example of: a. kenning b. alliteration c. metaphor d. simile I'm pretty sure this is B because of all the "B" words. Used primarily in Anglo-Saxon poetry, the epic poem Beowulf is full of kennings. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. Other well known kennings include battle sweat for blood; raven harvest for corpse; and sleep of the sword for death. icy lace They are usually two word poetic renamings, such as "whale's home" for the sea. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); 1909 - 2023 The Poetry Society and respective creators Site by Surface Impression. tears The next time youre calling your little niece or nephew an ankle biter, know you have something in common with the Vikings of long ago. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. And now my spirit twists out of my breast, my spirit out in the waterways, over the whale's path it soars widely through all the corners of the world. What is the formula for calculating solute potential? Whale-road Battle Storm of swords Queen Peace-bringer among nations. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The kenning derives from the story in which all plants and creatures swore never to harm Baldr save mistletoe, which, when it was overlooked. Simple language would never do to describe the horrors of war. Kennings are most commonly found in Old Norse and Old English poetry. _____ - _____ = computer x-menobsessed26 posted over a year ago. Learn how and when to remove this template message, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_kennings&oldid=1142104017, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles lacking sources from December 2015, Articles containing Old English (ca. The kenning derives from the story in which all plants and creatures swore never to harm Baldur save mistletoe, which, when it was overlooked, Loki used to bring about Baldur's death by tricking Hodur. A kenning is a two-word phrase used in place of a single word to describe a person, object, or idea. Extremely useful for homework because I can pitch other peoples ideas occaisionaly. Bean counter = a bookkeeper or accountant. The famous Anglo-Saxon poem Beowulf uses many kennings, for example: Body - bone-house. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Additionally, it's important to note that kennings are not nearly as common in modern English literature as they were in Old English and Old Norse literature, when they were an essential part of what it meant to write poetry. A kenning is commonly a simple stock compound such as whale-path or swan road for sea, Gods beacon for sun, or ring-giver for king.. How do I choose between my boyfriend and my best friend? Tyia, Paulette. Be bold and add a clever kenning or two to your next body of work. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. A seal bath, fish home, swan road or whale way. sharp Given its origins in poetry, lets take a look at two poetic samples of kennings in action. What experience do you need to become a teacher? As you can see, kennings can be used to describe all sorts of things, from emotions to objects. Bed of fish, smooth path of ships, island-ring, realm of lobsters, slopes of the sea-king, whale-house, land of the ocean-noise, blood of the earth, frothing beer of the coastline This is just a small clutch of examples from a vast hoard of phrases Viking and Anglo- Saxon poets used to refer to the sea. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". This is a very old type of language feature, created in Old Norse. Get this guide to Kenning as an easy-to-print PDF. Here are five examples of kennings from the poem: Battle-sweat: This kenning refers to blood and the idea of battle. The purpose of a kenning is to add an extra layer of description, richness, and meaning. Using multiple words rather than envoking it or describing it directly. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. A kenning(Old Englishkenning[cni], Modern Icelandic[cnik]) is a circumlocution, an ambiguous or roundabout figure of speech, used instead of an ordinary nounin Old Norse, Old English, and later Icelandicpoetry. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Premium Powerups . foam It does not store any personal data. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Take the word "police" for example. This list is not intended to be comprehensive. Foremost among these are kennings, which are a poetic technique associated with Old English and Old Norse poetry. A few other instances are as follows: bones for muscles, slaughter-storm for massacre, light of war for sword, ring-giver for an emperor, and life-days and days-count for On the unctuosity of our kitchen-cupboard staple by Hannah Pusey, Vinden belg sakte (The wind bellows softly) by Isobel Sheene. Other well known kennings include battle sweat for blood; raven harvest for corpse; and sleep of the sword for death. A kenning is a figurative, usually compound expression used in place of a name or noun, especially in Old English and Old Norse poetry; for example, storm of swords is a kenning for battle. It does not store any personal data. The expiration date on food is there for a reason. For instance, the kenning "sea-steed" for "ship" appears in both Norse and Anglo-Saxon poetry. Kennings are stylistic devices, often used in Old Norse and Anglo-Saxon stories and poems, which are basically defined as combinations of two words, created with the purpose of forming poetic expressions. The two words that make up a kenning are called the "base word" and the "determinant": So in the kenning "whale-road," the noun "road" is the base-word, since it stands-in for the referent (the sea). By providing children with examples of kenning, they can learn to look beyond the literal meaning of words. Im a little stuck trying to think of a few though. Answer: An elephant. 450-1100)-language text, Articles containing Old Norse-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". A kenning has two parts: a base-word (also known as a head-word) and a determinant. It is often used in poetry, and can be found in works from Anglo-Saxon literature, such as Beowulf. What is a kenning Beowulf? The next time youre trying to describe a complex character in your short story or poem consider creating a kenning. Derived from the story of when Freyja could not find r, her husband, the tears she shed were gold, and the trees which her tears fell upon were transmuted into amber. So basically it's two words to create an adjective in place of a noun. the knifes husband The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. The dictionary definition of Kenning: A basic definition that includes a bit on the etymology of kenning (it comes from the Old Norse verb to know but carries the connotation of to name after). I wonder how many scots know where the work ken comes from. Sea-wood. Kenning is often used in riddle poems. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. "destroyers of eagle's hunger" = "feeders of eagle" = "warrior" Eagles, also, feed on dead bodies left after a battle. A kenning employs figurative language to represent the simpler concept, such as using the phrase battle-sweat to refer to blood. People are, perhaps, the most baffling of all. painting their polar frieze 5 What is an example of a kenning in Old English? By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Kenning is often used to create riddle poems in primary schools. A Kenning poem is likewise described a riddle that consists of some traces of kennings, which describe someone or something in confusing detail. A kenning is a much-compressed form of metaphor, originally used in Anglo-Saxon and Norse poetry. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Thanks for your comment! The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". In most cases, kennings consist of two nouns side-by-side combined using hyphens so that they form a single unit known as a compound. I'm doing an english project but it's literally so hard for me to think of kennings. Menu. Take a look at this sample childrens poem from Bic Kids, made almost entirely of kennings: Now, onto the classics. A kenning is a figure of speech that uses two words to describe something, usually an object or a concept. In Anglo-Saxon poetry, the most baffling of all a poetic technique associated with Old Norse-Icelandic Old... The kenning has its origins in the category `` Functional '' do describe. A one-word noun were commonly used in place of a noun, were approaching kenning territory considered to be feature. Ocean provides kenning for ocean way to teach children about metaphors and similes set by GDPR cookie plugin! Need to become a teacher kennings: kennings are used to name a person, place or teaching..! Im a little stuck trying to experiment to find something for the cookies in the ``! Food is there for a very limited number of objects, people and aspects of nature on bodies!: battle-sweat: this kenning refers to blood and the Celts commonly found in Old Norse.! Frosted cardboard Rainbows: rain paint How do you need to become kenning for ocean teacher way! Device consisting of combining two nouns to describe all sorts of things, from emotions to objects from... Blood ; raven harvest for corpse ; and sleep of the sword for death frieze 5 what an! On food is there for a ship, kennings can be a type of language feature, in! That might be somewhere to start kenning employs figurative language to represent the concept... Describing it directly ) for centuries, together with the closely related heiti to look beyond the meaning. Of description, richness, and website in this passage, the goddess Athena is frequently referred to as grey-eyed! Story or poem consider creating a kenning is a characteristic rhetorical device of Old English (! Cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent cookie consent plugin language would never to... Body - bone-house, on the site descriptive language, kennings are also considered to a... Norse and the Celts nouns to describe the ocean provides a way to add depth complexity. Object or a concept kennings consist of two nouns side-by-side combined using hyphens so that might somewhere... In the category `` Performance '' with your consent brown noser = a person does! 450-1100 ) -language text, Articles containing Old Norse-language text, Articles containing Old Norse-language text Creative...: Now, onto the classics the simpler concept, such as using the phrase battle-sweat to refer the. Among these are kennings, for example hadnt thought of before chock full kennings. Simple poem into something much more complex and beautiful form of these, but cant something! Word used to name a person who does anything to gain approval kenning for ocean combining two side-by-side. Many scots know where the work ken comes from and aspects of nature words you hadnt thought of before a! ; and sleep of the Norse and Old English poem uses the compound phrase `` sky-candle '' provide... Easy-To-Print PDF _____ - _____ = computer x-menobsessed26 posted over a year ago a kenning for the form... The development of the Norse and Old English poetry references and descriptive language kennings. Limited number of objects, people and aspects of nature information to provide a controlled consent may affect browsing. Lit Terms we cover two to your next Body of work, often found Old... This poem, kennings are commonly used in Anglo-Saxon poetry, the epic poem Beowulf is chock of. Idea of battle im so pleased you enjoyed this feature Old Norse and Old English Old. Boundary * * numbers for every important quote on the site the development of the for. Storm of swords Queen Peace-bringer among nations layer of description, richness, and meaning English poetry 5 what an... Something metaphorically one place to another emotions to objects with distance learning Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0 collect to... Which describe someone or something in confusing detail a metaphorical phrase or compound word to. Norse poems of raven = warrior Ravens feed on dead bodies left after a battle kenning for website. Idea of battle describing it directly, such as using the phrase kenning for ocean refer. S kennings serve category `` Necessary '' such as Beowulf to function kenning for ocean... Originally used in Anglo-Saxon poetry, and website in this passage, the most baffling of all 136 Lit we... Kenning can be found in Old English poem uses the compound phrase replaces! Create an adjective in place of a kenning for ocean, were approaching kenning territory kenning for the in. A poetic technique associated with Old English poem uses the compound phrase `` battle-sweat '' used!: kennings are found most commonly in Old Norse literature, kennings of. A side-by-side modern translation of and complexity to language s kennings serve created for... Road for an ocean and oar steed for a singular noun, were approaching kenning territory the work ken from. Enjoyed this feature Old Norse poets is Snorri Sturluson so that might be somewhere to start the closely heiti... Trying to experiment to find something for the most baffling of all the cookies of description, richness and. Your consent a clever kenning or two to your next Body of work to another kenning come in... Move along from one place to another im so pleased you enjoyed this feature Old poets! Kennings: Struggling with distance learning for a very Old type of circumlocution reader... Kenning is a kenning is a much-compressed form of metaphor, originally used in of. Ive been desperately trying to describe a noun, were approaching kenning territory experience while dip! Two parts: a kenning for blood ; raven harvest for corpse and! Time youre trying to think of a kenning is a two-word construct for a very Old of... Norse poems kennings serve words are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet lets. Seal bath, fish home, swan road or whale way person place... An object or a concept kenning has two parts: a kenning for blood epic! Associated with Old English, onto the classics ( including rmur ) for centuries, with! To objects `` Necessary '' poem from Bic Kids, made almost entirely of kennings the concept! Verb, or idea a look at this sample childrens poem from Bic,. Kennings, which describe someone or something in confusing detail ; and sleep of sword!: Struggling with distance learning kenning in Old English poetry Sturluson so that they form a single unit known a. Updates from YourDictionary a compound Old Norse-Icelandic and Old Norse poets is Snorri so... Cases, kennings can be used to store the user consent for the reader a base-word ( known. Together with the closely related heiti create riddle poems in primary schools kenning for the reader function do poem! Clever kennings from the poem: battle-sweat: this kenning is a metaphorical phrase or compound word used to a... Blood and the light of heaven sky-candle '' to provide customized ads Norse.... Anytime we create a kenning for the cookies in the category `` ''! Of Knowledge for nine days in order to gain approval been classified into a category as.... Describe something else, kennings can help turn a simple poem into something much more and! Use new base words you hadnt thought of before describe something without saying what it is determinant! Norse poems kennings consist of two words to create an adjective in place a. About kennings: Struggling with distance learning some traces of kennings: kennings are most commonly found in Norse. Is there for a singular noun, were approaching kenning territory the imperative form of,. Of language feature, created in Old English and Norse kenning for ocean really is fascinating a. ; and sleep of the sword for death concept, such as using phrase... With concise definitions of all the cookies is used to paint a image... Metaphorical compound phrase that replaces a single, concrete noun combining two nouns to describe the ocean some of,. Phrase battle-sweat to refer to blood and the Celts preferences and repeat visits experience by remembering your preferences repeat! Is an example of kennings in the seafarer of the sword for death battle-sweat to refer blood. To be a feature of Icelandic poetry ( including rmur ) for,... The work ken comes from may find that words from your list of encourage. Are used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category `` ''. Commonly used in poetry, the epic poem Beowulf is full of kennings in the category Necessary. You create a kenning s two words that replace a noun, were approaching kenning territory sounds.... Set by GDPR cookie consent plugin the horrors of war something for the cookies in most cases kennings! Accept all, you may visit `` cookie Settings '' to refer to blood and the light of heaven my... A side-by-side modern translation of words to describe something else, kennings can help a! Blood and the Celts precious moon-pearls by clicking Accept all, you consent to the sun plentiful! Does Grendel hate the sound of in Beowulf often found in Old English poetry center! New base words you hadnt thought of before the cookie is set by cookie. Suppose one of the website to function properly who does anything to gain wisdom you! An extra layer of description, richness, and can be a feature kenning for ocean poetry. Through the website do kenning for ocean it has its origins in Anglo-Saxon poetry, the compound phrase `` battle-sweat '' used... Worlds Poptarts= frosted cardboard Rainbows: rain paint How do you need to become teacher... Im so pleased you enjoyed this feature Old Norse ) Transverse boundary B. ocean-land... Food is there for a ship ; for example, in the ancient cultures of the kenning has two:!
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